What are the reasons that cause male infertility?

Patient's question:

Recently, I've often felt discomfort in my abdomen. What are the causes that can lead to male infertility, and what are the reasons behind it?

Doctor's answer:

The main reasons for male infertility are four:
1. Spermatogenesis disorders. The testicles are the "factory" that produces sperm. If this "factory" malfunctions, the quantity and quality of sperm can be disrupted.
2. Obstruction of sperm delivery. Any inflammation or blockage in the epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, or urethra can interfere with sperm passage.
3. Ejaculation dysfunction. Conditions such as genital deformities, sexual dysfunction, hypospadias, premature ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and anejaculation can all lead to infertility.
4. Autoimmune factors. This refers to the production of antisperm antibodies by the body, which can cause infertility.

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