Why does bleeding occur when getting an IUD?

Patient's question:

No

Doctor's answer:

Hello, bleeding after insertion of an IUD may be caused by mechanical pressure from the contraceptive device, leading to damage to the endometrium and vascular endothelial cells. This releases large amounts of prostaglandins, plasminogen activator, kinins, and other substances, increasing vascular permeability and the activity of the fibrinolytic system, resulting in menorrhagia. Use of hemostatic drugs, infection prevention, and iron supplementation are recommended. If no improvement is observed after three months of treatment, consider removal or replacement of the IUD. If it remains ineffective, alternative contraceptive methods should be considered.