What are the causes of immunological infertility?

Patient's question:

I have been married for two years without getting pregnant. After examination, I was diagnosed with immunological infertility. We are also very careful about hygiene during sexual life, and our bodies are usually very good.

Doctor's answer:

Causes of Immunological Infertility
1. Anti-Zona Pellucida Antibodies: Anti-Zona Pellucida antibodies can cover the sperm receptors on the Zona Pellucida, ultimately preventing sperm from recognizing their own receptors. This leads to the inability of sperm to normally bind with the egg, resulting in infertility.
2. Excessive Sexual Intercourse: If a woman has excessive sexual intercourse in daily life, it may cause the absorption of male proteins as antigenic substances by the female. This can easily stimulate the body to produce anti-sperm antibodies, leading to immunological infertility in women.
3. Cervical Immunological Infertility: The cause of immunological infertility is that if sperm antigens are phagocytosed by macrophages or intraepithelial Langerhans cells in the vagina and cervix, the sperm antigens will trigger an immunological reaction with lymphocytes. This leads to the production of immunologically active cells, which can also kill sperm and reduce sperm viability.