Nipple retraction and cracking issue

Patient's question:

A 28-year-old woman has inverted nipples on her right breast, with cracks in the nipples and sometimes itchy sensation. There is also white discharge. What is this condition? It seems that she has had inverted and cracked nipples since childhood. What problems does this condition cause?

Doctor's answer:

Due to the impact of inverted nipples on breastfeeding, and the difficulty in cleaning the affected area, it is prone to accumulating dirt and secondary infection, leading to chronic inflammation and potentially causing cancer. Clinically, in addition to treating the underlying cause, surgical intervention can also be performed. For congenital inverted nipples, early attention should be given to frequent cleaning with warm water. After cleaning, the nipples can be frequently pulled outwards by oneself or by using negative pressure suction to gradually improve on their own. If this is ineffective, surgical correction is necessary.

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