Breast tenderness is a premenstrual symptom or a pregnancy symptom?

Patient's question:

Hello, I would like to ask, my girlfriend hasn't been feeling well recently. She says she has a sensation of breast tenderness. According to her, she has had this feeling before her period, but she feels this time is different from usual. I want to ask if this could be pregnancy, or is it a sign of an impending period?

Doctor's answer:

Hello! A normal menstrual cycle is between 20-30 days, and a delay or advancement of one week is considered normal. Many internal and external factors, such as mental stress, environmental climate, medications, and systemic diseases, can influence the mutual regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis through the cerebral cortex and central nervous system, leading to menstruation.

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