Patient's question:
Main symptoms: Menstruation lasts a long time Onset time: August Test results:Doctor's answer:
The endometrium is the mucous membrane that covers the uterine cavity; it is one of the most highly differentiated tissues in the human body. During childhood, the endometrium develops and grows slowly until the premenarcheal period, when estrogen begins to have a significant effect on the glandular stroma of the endometrium. Menstruation marks the beginning of sexual maturation in women, and during the menstrual cycle, the endometrium undergoes cyclical changes. Under normal conditions, one ovum is released per menstrual cycle. If fertilization does not occur, menstruation occurs, and a new cycle begins. If the ovum is fertilized and pregnancy occurs, the endometrium undergoes decidualization. The menstrual cycle is primarily regulated by ovarian hormones. If ovarian hormone levels are disrupted, it will inevitably lead to menstrual irregularities, along with corresponding morphological changes in the endometrium. Clinically, this may manifest as amenorrhea or " dysfunctional uterine bleeding" (DUB). Among these, DUB is more common. There are many causes of DUB, and the primary causes may vary depending on the age group. Endometrial hyperplasia is one of the most common conditions. Endometrial hyperplasia is caused by excessive estrogen stimulation of the endometrium. Clinically, it presents as irregular, excessive, and abnormal uterine bleeding. Patients may experience persistent bleeding after a prolonged period of amenorrhea. Clinically, it may be suspected as miscarriage, or it may manifest as a shortened cycle, prolonged menstruation, with bleeding lasting up to one month. Pathological examination shows that the degree of endometrial hyperplasia does not always correlate with the severity of bleeding. It is characterized by endometrial thickening, with thickness ranging from 3 to 12 millimeters, and in some cases, it can even reach 20 millimeters. The endometrium appears grayish-white or pale yellow, with a smooth surface or polypoid elevations, and may be accompanied by edema. The cut surface may sometimes reveal dilated glands forming cystic spaces. Currently, hospitals more frequently use hysteroscopy for diagnosis. Hysteroscopy allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity, providing clear and intuitive images. After excluding intrauterine malignant lesions such as endometrial cancer, solitary and small endometrial polyps can be directly resected under hysteroscopic guidance. For patients with multiple lesions and fertility requirements, a comprehensive hysteroscopic can be performed to avoid missed resection. For patients seeking fertility, this approach can thoroughly treat endometrial polyps while preserving the integrity of the uterus. Experts recommend that hysteroscopic diagnosis and treatment of endometrial polyps should be performed within one week after menstruation ends, as the endometrium is thinner at this time and less likely to obscure the polyps.