What causes candidal vulvovaginitis? Could it be due to unclean sexual practices?

Patient's question:

No

Doctor's answer:

Candidal vulvovaginitis is a colloquial term used by people, but in reality, it is a type of vaginitis caused by Candida. Among these, Candida albicans is the most common pathogen, accounting for 80% to 90% of cases. Other pathogenic Candida species include Candida tropicalis, Candida stellatoidea, Candida pseudotropicalis, and others.
Under normal circumstances, Candida albicans can reside in the human mouth-pharynx, intestines, skin, and vaginal mucosa, coexisting peacefully without causing disease. However, when the body's resistance declines, severe illnesses develop, there is a deficiency of complex B vitamins, or long-term use of immunosuppressants, candidal vulvovaginitis can easily take advantage of the weakened state to occur.
Additionally, individuals with diabetes or pregnant women may develop candidal vulvovaginitis due to increased glycogen levels in vaginal epithelial cells, which raises the vaginal acidity and promotes the growth and reproduction of Candida. In some cases, excessive use of antibiotics disrupts the vaginal flora, alters the vaginal environment, and favors the rapid proliferation of Candida albicans, also leading to candidal vulvovaginitis.
Furthermore, poor hygiene habits in daily life can contribute to the condition. For example, wiping from the anus toward the urethra after using the toilet may transfer intestinal fungi to the external genitalia, causing inflammation. Washing underwear with socks, sharing bathtubs with individuals who have candidal vulvovaginitis, or borrowing others' underwear can also lead to cross-infection.