What are the symptoms of testicular abnormalities leading to infertility?

Patient's question:

I've been married for a year without getting pregnant. I went to the hospital for a check-up and was told it's infertility due to abnormal testicles.

Doctor's answer:

The main function of the testes is to produce sperm. Abnormalities of the testes cause changes in sperm production, affecting male infertility. What are the symptoms of testicular abnormal infertility? The following introduction provides information:
1. Complete atrophy of the testes due to infection, vascular embolism, or testicular torsion during the embryonic period can lead to the disease.
2. The external genitalia remain in a childish state, and in cases of testicular abnormal infertility without testicular tissue, early androgen treatment is necessary to prevent the development of eunuchoid features.
3. In testicular abnormal infertility with ectopic interstitial cells secreting androgens, symptoms may include moderate secondary sexual characteristics.

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