Patient's question:
Hello doctor, recently I've been experiencing frequent urination and the color of my urine is yellow, along with a itchy sensation in my lower body, so I suspect it might be a gynecological problem.Doctor's answer:
Hello, patients should be advised to empty their bladders before examination, and catheterization may be necessary if needed. Gynecological examinations are generally performed in the lithotomy position, while a few patients with fistulas may require the knee-chest position. Gynecological examinations are not performed during menstruation; if absolutely necessary, the external genitalia must be disinfected, and sterile gloves should be worn. For unmarried individuals, only an rectal examination is typically performed. If a vaginal examination is truly necessary, consent from the family members or the patient must be obtained. Attention must be paid to disinfection and isolation, especially for examination instruments, to prevent iatrogenic cross-infection.(1) External Examination: Observe the development of the external genitalia, distribution and amount of pubic hair, condition of the vaginal orifice and urethral orifice, and check for edema, inflammation, ulcers, changes in skin color, atrophy, deformities, varicose veins, old perineal lacerations, tumors, uterine prolapse, or rectocele.
(2) Internal Examination: With the speculum blades closed, it is inserted along the posterior vaginal wall sideways and then advanced upward and backward while the blades are flattened and spread open to expose the cervix and vaginal walls. Observe the size, color, shape of the external cervical os, and check for erosion, glandular cysts, polyps, tumors, or contact bleeding. Pay attention to the color of the vaginal mucosa, the number of rugae, signs of inflammation or deformities, tumors, and the amount, nature, color, and odor of secretions.