What are the main factors or causes that lead to male vas deferens blockage?

Patient's question:

My friend has never had children, and now that they've been married for over two years, the doctor said that if they still haven't had a child after this long, there must be a problem with their health. After my friend got checked, they found out it was due to blocked vas deferens. I don't know how they could have gotten this condition when everything seemed fine.

Doctor's answer:

Hello. Congenital abnormalities: Undeveloped or poorly developed vas deferens, non-communication with the epididymis, etc., often accompanied by underdeveloped seminal vesicles, leading to low semen volume and no sperm. Inflammatory stricture: Various pathogens cause inflammation of the vas deferens, forming scars, leading to lumen occlusion. Severe cases can result in azoospermia. Tumors: Tumors originating from the vas deferens itself or adjacent organs compressing the lumen, which is also a factor or cause of azoospermia.

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