What factors can lead to male infertility?

Patient's question:

I've been married for more than a year, but my wife hasn't been able to get pregnant. When we went to the hospital for a check-up, they said I have oligospermia, male infertility...

Doctor's answer:

Hello, the causes of male infertility:
1. Endocrine factors. Hypoplasia or dysfunction of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland;
2. Testicular factors, such as hypoplasia or dysfunction of the testes, inflammation, such as anorchia, cryptorchidism, varicocele, orchitis, etc.;
3. Abnormalities in sperm and seminal plasma function, such as ciliary dyskinesia syndrome and reproductive tract infections;
4. Obstruction of the male reproductive tract. Congenital: absence of the male reproductive tract or seminal vesicles, separation of the testis and epididymis head, or interruption of the connection between the epididymis and vas deferens; Acquired: obstruction of the male reproductive tract caused by reproductive tract infections;
5. Sexual dysfunction and ejaculation dysfunction, such as reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, anejaculation, or retrograde ejaculation;
6. Immunological infertility;
7. Drug factors, radiation factors, environmental factors, systemic diseases, and mental stress.

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