Patient's question:
What factors or causes can prevent a woman from getting pregnant?Doctor's answer:
Hello, the factors or causes of infertility are as follows:1. External genitalia and vaginal factors leading to infertility: Such as congenital anomalies like the absence of a hymen, vaginal septum, or congenital absence of the vagina, which can hinder sexual intercourse; during vaginal inflammation, a large number of white blood cells can engulf sperm, reducing sperm motility and shortening their survival time, thereby affecting conception.
2. Male factors or causes, accounting for about one-third: These affect sperm production, such as congenital testicular dysgenesis, postnatal inflammation (tuberculosis), varicocele, etc.
3. Uterine factors leading to infertility: Accounting for about 10%–15% of infertility cases. In a normal uterus, the anterior tilt and flexion, along with the cervix facing backward, allow the cervix to be immersed in semen after intercourse, which is conducive to conception. If the uterus is retroverted or retroflexed, causing the cervix to face forward and upward, it may hinder conception.
4. Cervical factors leading to infertility: This is a relatively important factor or cause, accounting for about 10%–20% of infertility cases. During the ovulation period, the external os of the cervix dilates from a 1 mm diameter post-menstrual size to 3 mm. The cervical mucus increases during ovulation and may become viscous or contain a large number of white blood cells, which is unfavorable for sperm motility and passage, potentially affecting conception. Additionally, cervical polyps or cervical fibroids can block the cervical canal, hindering sperm passage. Cervical stenosis may also be a factor or cause of infertility.
5. Tubal factors leading to infertility: Tubal inflammation and adhesion can cause tubal obstruction, preventing the meeting of oocytes and sperm, leading to infertility. Pelvic endometriosis can also cause tubal adhesion and distortion, resulting in infertility.