Patient's question:
Which hospital in Shenyang, Liaoning Province is good for treating male infertility? Which is the best hospital?Doctor's answer:
Hello: The main factors leading to male infertility are as follows:1. Abnormal semen: Such as azoospermia (no sperm), or oligozoospermia (low sperm count), reduced motility, and abnormal sperm morphology.
2. Testicular abnormalities: There are three types of testicular abnormalities:
1) Cryptorchidism: Unilateral cryptorchidism accounts for 30%–60% of infertility, while bilateral cryptorchidism accounts for 50%–100%. It not only causes infertility but can also induce malignancy.
2) Damage to the primordial germ cells during fetal development due to adverse environmental factors.
3) Early testicular injury, which can be caused by birth trauma during delivery.
3. Postnatal testicular damage: Such as inguinal hernia repair surgery, hydrocele surgery, or orchiopexy, which can damage testicular blood vessels, obstruct blood supply, and lead to testicular atrophy.
4. Obstruction of sperm transport: Tuberculosis of the epididymis and vas deferens can block the vas deferens, preventing sperm from passing through. Sexual dysfunctions such as impotence and premature ejaculation also prevent sperm from entering the female vagina.
5. Hydrocele: Hydrocele can compress testicular blood circulation, leading to testicular infection or atrophy. The incidence of this condition after puberty is 16%–19%.
6. Endocrine factors: Male endocrine is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Hypofunction of the pituitary, thyroid, or adrenal glands can cause oligozoospermia or azoospermia, leading to infertility.
7. Genetic factors: Such as Klinefelter syndrome and male Turner syndrome, which involve abnormal sex chromosomes.
8. Immunological factors: Due to sperm exposure to the immune system, antisperm antibodies may be produced in the body, causing sperm agglutination and preventing fertilization.
9. Reproductive organ infections: Bacterial, viral, or protozoan infections can directly damage the testicles, leading to testicular atrophy, testicular tuberculosis, or destruction of testicular tissue, severely impairing spermatogenesis and reducing sperm viability, resulting in infertility. For example, 20% of individuals who contract mumps before puberty develop orchitis, leading to infertility.
10. Neurological dysfunction and neurological diseases causing infertility: Such as paraplegia and impotence.
11. Varicocele-induced infertility: Varicocele can affect testicular spermatogenesis, accounting for 30%–40% of male infertility.
12. Respiratory system diseases and male infertility: For example, Young syndrome and Kartageer syndrome are caused by abnormal ultrastructure of respiratory epithelial cilia and sperm tails, leading to infertility.
13. Chronic diseases and infertility: Such as thyroid disorders, liver diseases, diabetes, and renal failure, all of which can cause infertility.
14. Blood supply disorders: Patients with arteriosclerosis and diabetes often have testicular arteriopathy, leading to reduced sperm production and infertility.
15. Environmental factors: Overheated miners, boiler workers, tight undergarments, excessive smoking and drinking, and hypoxia can all affect fertility.
16. Gravitational effects: Excessive physical load can reduce intratesticular spermatogenesis, leading to infertility.
17. Psychological and mental factors causing infertility: Abnormal psychological states can disrupt neuroendocrine function, leading to reduced testicular spermatogenesis or sexual dysfunction, resulting in infertility.
18. Drugs and radiation therapy causing infertility: Anesthetics, sedatives, antihypertensive drugs, and hormone drugs can not only affect male sexual function but also impair testicular spermatogenesis, leading to infertility. Antiepileptic drugs have a direct impact on spermatogenesis.
19. Toxic chemical substances and infertility: Environmental pollution caused by modern industrial development exposes humans to various toxic chemicals, which also affect testicular spermatogenesis, leading to infertility. Additionally, farmers in some cotton-producing areas in China have experienced testicular atrophy and infertility after long-term consumption of crude cottonseed oil (which contains gossypol).
Expert reminder: When treating male infertility, it is essential to identify the true cause or etiology of infertility and adopt targeted treatment to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment, which can worsen the condition and increase the patient's psychological and financial burden.
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