What are the factors or causes of male infertility

Patient's question:

I have been married for a year without getting pregnant, and I really want a baby this year, so I went to the hospital for a check-up. The female examination results were normal, and the male infertility is mainly what factors or causes

Doctor's answer:

The main factors or causes of male infertility are as follows:
1. Postnatal testicular damage: Abnormalities in the testicles have a significant impact on fertility. Damage to testicular blood vessels obstructs blood supply, leading to testicular atrophy.
2. Obstruction of sperm transport: Obstruction of the vas deferens prevents sperm from being expelled, resulting in male infertility.
3. Immunological factors: Some men may experience infertility due to immunological abnormalities. Exposure to the immune system leads to antibodies forming against their own sperm, causing the sperm to clump together, making it difficult for women to conceive.
4. Genetic factors: Men may have certain genetic predispositions, such as chromosomal abnormalities.
5. Endocrine factors: The endocrine system is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Issues such as oligospermia (low sperm count) and azoospermia (no sperm) may arise, leading to infertility.