What are the hazards of immunological infertility?

Patient's question:

What are the hazards of immunological infertility? How can it be treated well?

Doctor's answer:

Experts from Shanghai Changjiang Hospital introduce the harmful manifestations of immunological infertility as follows:
(1) Cytotoxic effects, mediated by complement, leading to the phagocytosis of sperm.
(2) Anti-sperm antibodies can interfere with sperm acquisition and acrosome reaction, affecting sperm motility.
(3) Anti-sperm antibodies binding to cervical mucus proteins can block sperm from penetrating cervical mucus.
(4) Anti-sperm antibodies can prevent the fusion of sperm and ova, causing complement-mediated

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