Patient's question:
What tests should men undergo for infertility? How much does it generally cost?Doctor's answer:
(1) X-ray and CT examinations: To determine the location of the obstruction in the vas deferens, procedures such as vasography, epididymography, seminal vesicleography, or urethrography can be used; prostaticography can reveal the degree of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer; tuberculosis of the testes and epididymis can be identified by X-ray to determine the extent of the lesion; X-ray examinations of the penis primarily focus on conditions such as penile plaques and abnormal penile erection. In cases of hyperprolactinemia, a transverse and lateral X-ray of the sella turcica can be taken to determine the presence of a pituitary adenoma. The diagnosis of male reproductive system disorders such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, testicular dysgenesis, and testicular tumors can be confirmed through CT or MRI examinations.(2) Ultrasound examination: Primarily used for conditions such as hydrocele, epididymal hematoma, varicocele, epididymal cysts, epididymitis, testicular tumors, and testicular torsion. Doppler ultrasound aids in confirming varicocele, and ultrasound methods can also be used to examine prostate diseases.
(3) Testicular biopsy: Directly examines the spermatogenic function of the seminiferous tubules and the development of Leydig cells. Local hormone synthesis and metabolism can be assessed through immunohistochemical staining. This method is primarily used for patients with azoospermia or oligozoospermia.
(4) Chromosome karyotype analysis: Used for testicular dysgenesis, genital organ malformations, and azoospermia with unknown causes or etiology.
(5) Thermography: Applicable for male reproductive system tumors and inflammatory conditions of the male reproductive system.
(6) Radioisotope examination: Can detect hidden conditions such as varicocele, testicular torsion, and testicular tumors.
Semen routine examination