What is the situation when it has always been difficult to get pregnant with a second child?

Patient's question:

Hello: What is the situation if you have been unable to get pregnant with a second child? You have never taken any contraceptive measures, so why can't you keep getting pregnant with a second child?

Doctor's answer:

The primary etiological diagnoses in order are: ovulatory dysfunction, abnormal semen, tubal abnormalities, unexplained infertility, endometriosis, and other causes such as immunological infertility. Additional factors include cervical factors, including cervical stenosis, which accounts for over 5% of all cervical factors. Female infertility is primarily due to ovulatory dysfunction, tubal factors, and abnormal endometrial receptivity, while male infertility is mainly caused by abnormal sperm production and ejaculation disorders.

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