What are the reasons for male infertility?

Patient's question:

Hello doctor, I would like to inquire about the causes of male infertility. I have been married to my wife for over 2 years, and we have not taken any contraceptive measures, but we have not been able to get pregnant. I went to the hospital for a check-up, and the doctor said it was male infertility. Could you please tell me what are the causes of male infertility?

Doctor's answer:

The primary etiological diagnoses in order are: ovulatory dysfunction, abnormal semen, tubal abnormalities, unexplained infertility, endometriosis, and other causes such as immunological infertility. Additional factors include cervical factors, including cervical stenosis, which accounts for more than 5% of all cervical factors. Female infertility is primarily due to ovulatory dysfunction, tubal factors, and abnormal endometrial receptivity, while male infertility is mainly caused by abnormal sperm production and ejaculation disorders.

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