Patient's question:
I got pregnant in March this year, and all my prenatal check-ups and ultrasounds have been normal. However, I suddenly went into premature labor at 35 weeks. The doctor said it was due to chronic hypoxia and developmental delay. I took my prenatal preparation seriously. Could you please tell me what the main reasons might be?Doctor's answer:
Hello: Premature InfantA pregnancy terminated between 28 and 37 weeks is called preterm labor, and the infant delivered is referred to as a premature infant or an immature infant. Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality, accounting for approximately 50% to 75% of all neonatal deaths.
Key Points of Treatment
The physiological characteristics of premature infants generally include gestational ages of 28 to 37 weeks, weights less than 2,500 grams, and lengths less than 45 centimeters. They are underdeveloped and have poor vitality, often experiencing fluctuating body temperatures that are difficult to control, with frequent hypothermia. Their breathing is shallow and irregular, and their lips are prone to cyanosis. The heart rate is around 160 beats per minute, liver function is abnormal, and the coagulation mechanism is immature, making them susceptible to bleeding tendencies, which may manifest as the vomiting of coffee-colored mucus. Their sucking ability is poor, and in severe cases, they may be unable to swallow. They have weak resistance and are prone to infections or sepsis.
Key Points of Care
1. Keep Warm Premature infants have underdeveloped thermoregulatory centers, so it is important to keep them warm. They should be placed in an incubator maintained at 24°C to 26°C.
2. Feeding Feed small amounts frequently. Initially, feed every 2 to 3 hours as appropriate. For infants without sucking ability, nasogastric tubes can be used.
3. Prevent Bleeding and Infection Routine intramuscular administration of 15 milligrams of vitamin K once daily for three consecutive days after birth is recommended to prevent bleeding. Pay attention to preventing infections, and if necessary, administer penicillin intramuscularly.
4. Prevent Complications Monitor for and prevent complications such as pneumonia, hardening of the skin (marasmus), and sepsis.