Which factors can cause delayed menstruation

Patient's question:

Detailed medical history and consultation purpose: I have a five-year-old son. Before giving birth, I often had irregular menstrual cycles. After giving birth, my periods have been relatively normal, with cycles generally between 30-35 days. My last period started on September 6th. From September 25th to October 6th, I traveled to another city for work, and my period was delayed by five days, arriving on October 10th. From November 1st to November 12th, I traveled to another city again, but my period has still not arrived. On November 5th and November 6th, I had unprotected sex twice, but morning urine tests have been negative so far. I don’t know what could be causing my delayed period. Please help me analyze the situation.

Doctor's answer:

The regulation of the menstrual cycle is a very complex process, primarily involving the reproductive system and the endocrine system. The menstrual cycle is generally 21 to 35 days long, and it's perfectly fine if some people differ by a week or two; the key is regularity. This means that the interval, duration, and amount of each menstrual period are relatively consistent. It is recommended that you first keep a record to see if it is truly irregular. If it is delayed for two or three months in a row, it may indeed be menstrual dysfunction. Menstrual dysfunction is only a symptom, not a disease. It is caused by disorders of female reproductive and endocrine systems, such as: dysfunctional uterine bleeding, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, pathological amenorrhea, and primary dysmenorrhea, among others.

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