What are the hazards of sexual intercourse during menstruation?

Patient's question:

Hello, I had sex on the last day of my period. What are the general consequences?

Doctor's answer:

Intercourse during menstruation can easily lead to infection. The dangers of intercourse during menstruation are significant: (1) It can easily cause various inflammations, such as endometritis, fallopian tube inflammation, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility. (2) The uterine contractions caused by intercourse during menstruation can push menstrual blood into the abdominal cavity, increasing the risk of endometriosis. (3) During intercourse during menstruation, some sperm and other components of semen may enter a woman's bloodstream through small blood vessel breaks, stimulating the immune system to form anti-sperm antibodies and leading to immunological infertility. (4) Various blood-borne infectious diseases can be transmitted between partners. (5) Intercourse during menstruation can cause increased bleeding or prolonged bleeding duration.

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