Why is progesterone checked during the luteal phase of infertility?

Patient's question:

Detailed medical condition and consultation purpose: I went to the hospital for a check-up due to primary infertility. I have already undergone ultrasound, fallopian tube imaging, and follicle monitoring, all of which showed no significant issues. The doctor has now asked me to check progesterone on the 6th day of the luteal phase. The result is: 12.97.
What exactly does progesterone check for? Is the current result good?
What is the underlying issue causing infertility?
Thank you! First follow-up question: Sorry, what you mentioned are all medical terms, and I don’t understand them very well. Please explain it more clearly. Also, is it normal to have a progesterone level of 12.97 during the luteal phase?

Doctor's answer:

Hello: Progesterone
Chinese Name: Progesterone
Clinical Significance: Abnormally elevated levels: Pregnancy; significantly elevated in molar pregnancy. Abnormally decreased levels: Threatened abortion, ovulatory dysfunction, ovarian hypofunction, luteal insufficiency, choriocarcinoma.
Reference Values: Normal values vary depending on different stages of physical development. Females have higher levels than males, and adult females also have different levels within their menstrual cycles.

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