What causes vaginal bleeding after cohabitation?

Patient's question:

Detailed medical condition and consultation purpose: I experienced vaginal bleeding after having sex with my boyfriend.
Onset and duration of this episode: November 20th
Current general condition: Still bleeding
Medical history: None
Previous diagnoses and treatment history and effectiveness: None
Auxiliary tests: None
Other: None

Doctor's answer:

Hello: The first step in treating female coital bleeding is to identify the underlying cause. If the bleeding is due to organic lesions in the external genitalia, treating the local condition will resolve the bleeding. For example, coital bleeding caused by conditions such as vulvar ulcers, eczema, or herpes should first be treated with antibiotics to reduce inflammation, followed by curing the eczema or herpes, which will naturally resolve the bleeding. If the bleeding is caused by trichomoniasis, metronidazole should be used to treat the infection, and once the trichomoniasis is cured, the bleeding will naturally stop.
If coital bleeding is due to improper sexual practices, both partners should educate themselves on sexual health, show mutual understanding and cooperation, and adopt appropriate sexual positions and techniques. Women should relax mentally, avoid tension and depression, and eliminate unnecessary concerns. Men should provide adequate foreplay to stimulate the woman's arousal. During intercourse, movements should be gentle—avoid roughness and penetration without lubrication. Postmenopausal women may apply a suitable ointment to the external genitalia during intercourse to improve vaginal lubrication and prevent atrophy. Sexual activity should be practiced moderately, and coitus is prohibited during menstruation. Women over 40 with coital bleeding should be vigilant about the possibility of malignant genital lesions.

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