What causes irregular vaginal bleeding?

Patient's question:

Detailed medical condition and consultation purpose: Multiple unexplained vaginal bleeding within a month, with this being the third time in the past month. The first two instances were thought to be menstrual irregularities, but how can there be three periods in a month?!
Additionally, it is often accompanied by lower abdominal pain.
What could be the reason for this?!

Doctor's answer:

Hello: Irregular menstruation certainly indicates the presence of a pathological condition. Vaginal bleeding is one of the common symptoms of gynecological disorders. The bleeding site can be the hymen, vagina, cervix, or uterus, but uterine bleeding is the most common. The amount of vaginal bleeding varies, ranging from spotting to continuous flow. If the bleeding volume is excessive in a short period, it can lead to shock and endanger life.
Common causes of vaginal bleeding:
(1) Endocrine dysfunction, such as functional uterine bleeding during puberty or menopause.
(2) Pathological pregnancy, such as ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, placenta previa, or molar pregnancy.
(3) Tumors, such as uterine fibroids, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial adenocarcinoma, or choriocarcinoma.
(4) Inflammation, such as senile vaginitis, severe cervical erosion, or intrauterine devices.
(5) Trauma, such as external injuries or sexual trauma.

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