What is the reason for the delayed menstrual period?

Patient's question:

My fiancée is 23 years old. Her menstrual cycle was very normal from July to October, arriving around the 10th of each month. We did not have sexual relations during this period. On November 5, we had one instance, but her period did not arrive on time in November. She had a cold at the end of October and recently had another one, experiencing headaches, fatigue, and poor sleep. On the 20th, a pregnancy test showed normal results, but today I discovered that the test had expired by two months. Could it be that she is sick? Why hasn't her period come yet? What should we do?

Doctor's answer:

According to what the patient said, the absence of menstruation as expected, resulting in delayed menstruation, is a typical case of menstrual irregularity. There are two main causes of menstrual irregularity: 1. Dysfunction of the nervous-endocrine system: This primarily involves instability or defects in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, which is known as menstrual disorders. 2. Organic lesions or drug-induced causes: This includes local inflammation, tumors, and developmental abnormalities of the reproductive organs, as well as malnutrition. It is recommended to visit a hospital for examination and symptomatic treatment.

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