What are the causes of cervical infertility?

Patient's question:

The cervix has had cysts all along, not very big but there are two or three of them. What factors can lead to cervical infertility?

Doctor's answer:

First, cervicitis: causing infertility
The cervix is located between the vagina and the uterus, serving as both an important protective barrier for the internal reproductive system and a crucial component of reproductive physiology and endocrine function. When cervicitis occurs, there is an increase in vaginal discharge, which differs in color and odor from normal discharge. It may appear white or yellow, viscous, purulent, and malodorous. This alters the vaginal environment, increasing the presence of toxins and inflammatory cells, which is unfavorable for sperm survival and movement. As a result, sperm cannot penetrate the cervix to enter the uterine cavity, leading to infertility.
Second, cervical abnormalities:
- Absence of the cervix
- Double cervix malformation
- Congenital cervical canal stenosis
- Congenital cervical elongation
- Abnormal anatomical positioning of the cervix: e.g., retroverted cervix, everted cervix
- Cervicitis: e.g., cervical erosion, cervical hypertrophy, cervical polyps, cervical canalitis
- Abnormal cervical mucus function: e.g., reduced mucus secretion, thick mucus syndrome
- Abnormal cervical immunological function: e.g., antisperm antibodies