What are the causes of cervical infertility?

Patient's question:

The cervix has always had cysts, they are not large but there are two or three of them. What factors can cause cervical infertility?

Doctor's answer:

First, cervicitis: leading to infertility
The cervix is located between the vagina and the uterus, serving as both an important protective barrier for the internal reproductive system and a crucial component of reproductive physiology and endocrine function. When cervicitis occurs, there is an increase in leukorrhea, which differs in color and odor from normal conditions. It may appear as white or yellow, viscous, purulent, and malodorous. This alters the vaginal environment, increasing the presence of toxins and inflammatory cells, which is unfavorable for sperm survival and movement, making it difficult for sperm to penetrate the cervix and enter the uterine cavity, thus leading to infertility.
Second, cervical abnormalities:
- Absence of the cervix
- Bicornuate cervix
- Congenital cervical canal stenosis
- Congenital cervical elongation
- Abnormal anatomical positioning of the cervix: e.g., retroverted cervix, everted cervix
- Cervicitis: e.g., cervical erosion, cervical hypertrophy, cervical polyps, cervical canalitis
- Abnormal cervical mucus function: e.g., reduced mucus secretion, thick mucus syndrome
- Abnormal cervical immunological function: e.g., antisperm antibodies