Zhang Yunsu, the governor of the Qing Dynasty, and Yunnan society

Author: Wang Yanfei
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-07-01
Features: The article "Zhang Yun sui, Governor of Yunnan during the Reign Transition of Yongzheng and Qianlong, and Yunnan Society" examines Zhang Yun sui, who served as the Governor of Yunnan during the period from the eighth year of the Yongzheng reign (1730) to the fifteenth year of the Qianlong reign (1750), and the society of Yunnan. It focuses on Zhang Yun sui and his main aspects of governing Yunnan, namely mining administration, land reclamation, river management, pacifying frontier ethnic groups, reducing monks and Taoists, and local governance, thereby revealing the development status of Yunnan society. It also explores his achievements,his governance philosophy in Yunnan, analyzes his personal qualities, and further fully recognizes his outstanding contributions to the development of Yunnan society at that time. This article is guided by the dialectical materialist historical view, strives to collect historical materials as much as possible, arranges them systematically, and makes objective analyses, hoping to draw as accurate conclusions as possible about Governor Zhang Yun sui and Yunnan society during the reign transition of Yongzheng and Qianlong, and further enrich the research on Yunnan history during this period. To fulfill the above writing concept, this thesis is structured as follows: The preface summarizes the research achievements of predecessors, points out the origin and motivation of this thesis, and then introduces the academic significance of the topic and the innovative points of the research. Chapter 1 narrates Zhang Yun sui's family background and official career, pointing out the social context of the entire Qing Dynasty in which Zhang Yun sui served as the Governor of Yunnan during the Yongzheng and Qianlong reign transition, as well as the pressing social issues in Yunnan. Chapter 2 analyzes the evolution of the Qing Dynasty's mining policies, provides details on Yunnan's mining industry, and examines Zhang Yun sui's unique insights into mining governance and his role in promoting the development of Yunnan's mining industry. Chapter 3 elaborates on the general outline of Qing Dynasty famine relief policies, briefly describes theand characteristics of famine disasters in Yunnan, and analyzes Zhang Yun sui's famine relief philosophy and achievements. Chapter 4 narrates the urgency and necessity of opening up the Jinsha River waterway and the arduous process under which Zhang Yun sui led the project, analyzes Zhang Yun sui's handling methods during the opening of the Jinsha River, and objectively evaluates his merits and demerits in dredging the river. Chapter 5 discusses how, based on the Qing Dynasty's policies of replacing local tribal rule with centralized administration and post-reform measures, and considering the actual conditions of ethnic groups in various parts of Yunnan, Zhang Yun sui specifically resolved conflicts in events such as the succession dispute of the Menglian tribal chief, the replacement of tribal rule with centralized administration in Mengman, the Shengjia incident, and the resettlement of the family members of the former tribal chief of Zhaoyi, handling ethnic relations from different perspectives and levels, demonstrating Zhang Yun sui's steady approach to pacifying ethnic groups in Yunnan and revealing the stable ethnic situation in Yunnan during his tenure as Governor. Chapter 6 discusses Yunnan's religious issues and local governance issues, clarifying Zhang Yun sui's policies of reducing monks and Taoists and his approach to being an official, thereby providing insights into the changes in the Qing rulers' policies in the ideological field of using religion to serve their interests under feudal authoritarianism, as well as the highly centralized bureaucratic system of the Qing Dynasty. Conclusion summarizes Zhang Yun sui's achievements in governing Yunnan for twenty years, analyzes his governance philosophy and personal qualities, reveals the state of Yunnan society, and fully recognizes Zhang Yun sui's contributions to Yunnan. Appendix "Chronological Biography of Zhang Yun sui," narrating the 59-year life experience of Zhang Yun sui.