What Causes Bleeding Outside of Menstruation

Patient's question:

I got married last year. Recently, I've been experiencing lower abdominal pain, especially during my period. I'm very worried about it affecting my fertility, and I also feel extremely cold and afraid of the cold. What could be causing bleeding outside of my menstrual period?

Doctor's answer:

Considering it may be due to menstrual irregularities, there are many reasons that can cause menstrual irregularities, such as: environment, stress, emotions, medication, endocrine disorders, gynecological inflammation, etc. It is recommended to undergo a six-hormone test and a routine vaginal discharge examination to identify the cause and provide symptomatic treatment. Avoid taking medication casually to prevent delaying the condition.
This mainly involves blood tests for the Down syndrome screening to check if the fetus has brain malformations or intellectual disabilities. It is advised to go to a regular large gynecological hospital for examination and avoid undergoing amniocentesis lightly.

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