What are the reasons for having two menstrual periods in one month?

Patient's question:

My girlfriend came on the 3rd of this month, but then had her period on the 16th, and today she's having it again. What's going on?
Is she pregnant?
Or is her body not doing well?

Doctor's answer:

Some women experience vaginal bleeding again about half a month after their period ends. This condition is known as ovulatory bleeding. Ovulatory bleeding refers to bleeding that occurs during the intermenstrual period (i.e., the ovulation period). It typically happens about two weeks before the next menstrual period. The bleeding duration is usually short, lasting a few hours, and at most 1–2 days. The amount of bleeding is minimal, generally just a reddish discharge, rarely reaching menstrual flow. The cause of ovulatory bleeding is due to the rupture of the follicle and the subsequent drop in estrogen levels after ovulation, which fails to maintain the normal growth of the endometrium, leading to breakthrough bleeding. Most women do not experience ovulatory bleeding.

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