What does it mean that smoking and drinking are harmful to fertility and healthy reproduction?

Patient's question:

Smoking, drinking is not conducive to fertility and health, what does it mean, is the fetus unhealthy?

Doctor's answer:

Excessive smoking and drinking can affect sperm quality and lead to fetal malformations. It is recommended that you visit a hospital for pre-pregnancy testing before trying to conceive, and conceive under the guidance of a doctor. Wishing you good health. Generally, doctors will advise women with signs of genetic risk to maintain a balanced diet, avoid spicy and stimulating foods, as well as cold foods. Additionally, patients should create an environment conducive to emotional stability and stress relief. Wishing the patient a healthy delivery.

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