What are the harms of having sex during menstruation?

Patient's question:

Hello, I had sex on the last day of my period. What are the general consequences?

Doctor's answer:

Having sex during menstruation can easily lead to infections. The dangers of having sex during menstruation are significant: (1) It can easily cause various inflammations, such as endometritis, fallopian tube inflammation, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility. (2) The uterine contractions caused by having sex during menstruation can push menstrual blood into the abdominal cavity, increasing the risk of endometriosis. (3) During menstruation, some sperm and other components of semen may enter a woman's bloodstream through small blood vessel tears, stimulating the immune system to form anti-sperm antibodies and leading to immunological infertility. (4) Various blood-borne infectious diseases can be transmitted between partners. (5) Having sex during menstruation can cause increased bleeding or prolonged bleeding duration.

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