What factors cause infertility?

Patient's question:

What are the preventive measures for infertility? We have been married for a long time and haven't taken any contraceptive measures, but we haven't been able to get pregnant. I don't know what the preventive methods for infertility are, or what causes it?

Doctor's answer:

The causes of infertility are divided into male infertility and female infertility. In 1992, the World Health Organization adopted this classification as the most widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. The primary etiological diagnosis is as follows: ovulatory disorders, abnormal semen, tubal abnormalities, unexplained infertility, endometriosis, and other factors such as immunological infertility. Additional factors include cervical factors, including cervical stenosis, which accounts for over 5% of all cervical factors. Female infertility is primarily characterized by ovulatory disorders, tubal factors, and abnormal endometrial receptivity, while male infertility is mainly due to abnormal spermatogenesis and disorders of ejaculation.

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