Square design

Author: (Spanish) John Yin Zeng Yu Gao Hong
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2002-12-01
Features: The concept of a plaza seems to have emerged under certain circumstances during a specific period. In the historical process of urban planning, the plaza is relatively a new phenomenon. Over time, the characteristics and significance of the plaza have continuously evolved, and its architectural components have also changed. Today, plazas can be constructed almost quickly; unlike plazas from several centuries ago, which underwent modifications in use and had mixed architectural elements. Now, the concept of a plaza has been further expanded, not only in terms of its functions but also in its spatial aspects. A plaza is not just an architectural extension of streets but also a broader space without direct boundaries. Therefore, the characteristics of a plaza do not lie in its form and function but in its purpose of construction. Traditional plazas were closely tied to their functions, representing either religious and political power or serving as centers of commercial activity. Today, many plazas lack special significance; they are merely spaces for gatherings and have a casual nature. As history has progressed, the meanings represented by plazas have been divided into three types.
The first type is plazas with historical architectural features, which we call "restoration works." These plazas focus on ground construction, and building urban-style decorations, while also emphasizing architectural gaps. Christian Drevet's Théo Plaza and Francisco José Mangado's Fueros Plaza are representative examples of this type. Their characteristics are based on the outlines of architectural lines as their design foundation.
The second type of plaza places more emphasis on spatial construction. Designers utilize certain topographical features to create plazas with potential uses, while the surrounding buildings do not adopt similar materials in design and construction. The basic design purpose of this type of plaza is to address issues arising from geographical locations. One representative example is the Louis Néret Foundation Plaza by Domino Architects.
The third type of plaza is those with their own unique design styles. Designers express their unique styles based on their understanding of art. This type of work can be called "spatial regeneration." One representative example is the 3D Plaza by Nikken Sekkei, which starts almost from scratch with few references. The subsequent designs differ from the three types mentioned above, reflecting their respective characteristics. However, they still share some common points. A plaza is a space where people can gather and rest, as well as a place to escape the hustle and bustle of the city. In summary, it is the restoration of urban public space.