Instrumentation Technician Reading Drawings

Author: Zhang Dequan
Publisher:
Publishing Time: 2006-01-01
Features: The main content of this book aims to cultivate the abilities of instrument operators in reading, understanding, and drawing diagrams. It primarily introduces the methods of reading and drawing Process and Instrument Diagrams (P&ID), automation engineering diagrams, and instrument installation diagrams. The content is easy to understand, with novel materials and strong practicality. To facilitate reading and use, the book is accompanied by a CD-ROM containing most of the image files from the manuscript, for reference. Some of the AutoCAD-drawn diagram files can also be reprocessed by readers. This book can serve as a training manual for technical workers in industrial automation instruments in industries such as chemical engineering, petrochemical, refining, metallurgy, power, light industry, and food, as well as a reference book for engineering technicians, university and college teachers and students.
Preface
With the rapid development of production process automation technology, industrial enterprises have raised higher requirements for the professional qualities of instrument operators. According to the "Technical Skill Level Standards of the People's Republic of China," instrument installation workers and maintenance workers must, in addition to possessing certain professional basic knowledge, technical knowledge, and other relevant skills, professional operation abilities, equipment and instrument usage and maintenance abilities, adaptability and accident handling abilities, and calculation and management abilities, also be equipped with the ability to read and draw diagrams. The writing of "Instrument Operator's Guide to Reading Diagrams" aims to facilitate on-the-job training for instrument operators and improve their professional skill levels. Some of the diagrams used in this book refer to example diagrams from industry standards and the author's lecture notes on vocational education over the years. The entire manuscript is not a complete engineering design or a standard design diagram, but rather a schematic diagram arranged for the purpose of illustration and example. The intention is to achieve the goal of sparking inspiration, learning by example, and guiding readers to quickly master the skills and key points of reading diagrams, thereby cultivating their ability to read diagrams. The diagrams in the book are for reference only. If the construction drawings in actual engineering projects differ from the examples in this book, please refer to the construction drawings provided by the design institute to avoid errors. Some diagrams have a larger original size, and the book has simplified them by simplifying and breaking them down. Readers are advised to pay attention when reading. The reading of automation engineering diagrams should start with diagram symbols, progress from simple to complex, and be carried out in a step-by-step manner. Pay attention to the procedures, key points, methods, and precautions of reading to quickly master the skills. The content of the book is divided into three parts.
Part 1: Reading Process and Instrument Diagrams
1. Common Symbols in Process and Instrument Diagrams
1.1 Common Instrument and Control System Symbols
1.1.1 Instrument Function Flags and Designators
1.1.2 Instrument Function Letter Codes
1.1.3 Graphical Symbols for Conventional Instruments and Computer Control Systems
1.2 Common Process Flow Diagram Symbols
1.2.1 Letter Codes for Common Equipment and Piping
1.2.2 Letter Codes for Common Media
1.2.3 Symbols for Piping, Piping Fittings, and Valves
1.2.4 Graphical Symbols for Machinery and Equipment
2. Methods of Reading Process and Instrument Diagrams
2.1 Process Flow Diagrams
2.1.1 Drawing Methods for Equipment
2.1.2 Drawing Methods for Process Flow Lines
2.2 Process and Instrument Diagrams
2.2.1 Drawing Methods for Diagrams
2.2.2 Representation of Equipment and Machinery
2.2.3 Representation of Piping
2.2.4 Representation of Valves and Piping Fittings
2.2.5 Representation of Automatic Control Schemes
2.3 Steps for Reading Process and Instrument Diagrams
3. Reading the Process and Instrument Diagram for Ethylene Distillation Tower
3.1 Process Flow and Basic Technical Indicators
3.2 Analysis of Typical Control Schemes
3.2.1 Intermediate Reboiler Liquid Level Selective Control System
3.2.2 Tower Top Condenser Liquid Level and Recycle Flow Ratio Control System
3.2.3 Ethylene Recycle and Ethylene Extraction Flow Ratio Control System
3.2.4 Tower Top Condenser Ethylene Exhaust Flow Control System
3.2.5 Tower Pressure Control System
4. Reading the Process and Instrument Diagram for Industrial Boiler
4.1 Process Introduction and Environmental Characteristics
4.1.1 Main Performance of Boilers
4.1.2 Water and Steam System Process Flow
4.1.3 Combustion System Process Flow
4.1.4 Environmental Characteristics
4.2 Analysis of Main Production Processes and Requirements for Automation Control
4.2.1 Analysis of Main Production Processes
4.2.2 Requirements for Automation Control
4.3 Analysis of Main Control Systems
4.3.1 Steam Drum Water Level Control System
4.3.2 Boiler Combustion Process Control System
4.3.3 Superheated Steam Temperature Control System
4.4 Analysis of Main Detection Systems
4.4.1 Boiler Water and Steam Process Detection System
4.4.2 Combustion Process Detection System
Part 2: Reading Automation Engineering Diagrams
5. Symbols for Automation Engineering Diagrams
5.1 Common Automation Diagram Symbols
5.1.1 Graphical Symbols in Construction Diagrams
5.1.2 Graphical Symbols in Instrument Loop Diagrams
5.1.3 Text Codes in Construction Diagrams
5.2 Common Electrical Diagram Symbols
6. Reading Control Room Layout Diagrams
6.1 DCS Control Room Layout Diagram
6.1.1 DCS Control Room
6.1.2 Reading DCS Control Room Layout Diagram
6.2 Conventional Instrument Control Room Layout Diagram
6.2.1 Conventional Instrument Control Room
6.2.2 Reading Conventional Instrument Control Room Layout Diagram
7. Reading Instrument Panel Layout and Wiring Diagrams
7.1 Instrument Panel Front Layout Diagram
7.1.1 Analog Instrument Panel
7.1.2 Reading Instrument Panel Front Layout Diagram
7.2 Instrument Panel Rear Wiring Diagram
7.2.1 Instrument Pipeline Numbering Method
7.2.2 Reading Instrument Panel Rear Electrical Wiring Diagram
7.2.3 Reading Instrument Panel Rear Pneumatic Pipeline Connection Diagram
8. Reading Instrument Power Supply and Gas Supply System Diagrams
8.1 Instrument Power Supply System Diagram
8.1.1 Regulations for Instrument Power Supply
8.1.2 Instrument Power Supply System Diagram
8.2 Instrument Gas Supply System Diagram
8.2.1 Regulations for Instrument Gas Supply
8.2.2 Instrument Gas Supply System Diagram
9. Reading Cable and Pipeline External Connection System Diagrams
9.1 Numbering Method for Instrument Auxiliary Equipment
9.1.1 Numbering of Terminal Boxes and Pipe Boxes
9.1.2 Numbering of Other Instrument Auxiliary Equipment
9.2 Cable and Pipeline External Connection System Diagram
9.2.1 Content of Cable and Pipeline External Connection System Diagram
9.2.2 Content of Terminal Box Wiring Diagram
9.3 Pneumatic Pipeline External Connection System Diagram
9.4 Pipeline, Power Supply, and Signal Transmission System Layout and Wiring
9.4.1 Selection of Measurement Pipelines
9.4.2 Selection of Pneumatic Signal Pipelines
9.4.3 Selection of Wires and Cables
10. Reading Cable and Pipeline Floor Plan Diagrams
10.1 Cable and Pipeline Layout
10.1.1 Regulations for Cable and Pipeline Layout
10.1.2 Cable and Pipeline Layout Methods
10.2 Control Room Cable and Pipeline Floor Plan Diagram
10.2.1 Content of Analog Instrument Control Room Cable and Pipeline Floor Plan Diagram
10.2.2 Reading Example
10.3 DCS Control Room Cable Layout Diagram
10.3.1 Content of DCS System Configuration Diagram
10.3.2 Content of DCS Control Room Cable Layout Diagram
10.4 External Control Room Cable and Pipeline Floor Plan Diagram
10.4.1 Content of External Control Room Cable and Pipeline Floor Plan Diagram
10.4.2 Reading Example
11. Reading Instrument Loop Diagrams and Grounding System Diagrams
11.1 Instrument Loop Diagram
11.1.1 Content of Instrument Loop Diagram
11.1.2 Reading Instrument Loop Diagram
11.2 Grounding System Diagram
11.2.1 Protective Grounding and Working Grounding
11.2.2 Grounding Connection Methods
11.2.3 Specifications and Structural Requirements for Grounding Connections
Part 3: Reading Instrument Installation Diagrams
12. Common Symbols in Instrument Installation Diagrams
12.1 Common Graphical Symbols in Instrument Installation Diagrams
12.2 Text Codes for Instrument Installation Materials
13. Reading Temperature Measurement Instrument Installation Diagrams
13.1 Temperature Detection and Instruments
13.1.1 Basic Concepts of Temperature Measurement
13.1.2 Classification of Temperature Measurement Instruments
13.2 Bimetallic Temperature Gauge Installation Diagram
13.2.1 Measuring Principle of Bimetallic Temperature Gauge
13.2.2 Bimetallic Temperature Gauge Installation Diagram
13.2.3 Installation Material Description
13.2.4 Installation and Usage Precautions
13.3 Thermocouple and Resistance Temperature Detector Installation Diagram
13.3.1 Measuring Principle of Thermocouple and Resistance Temperature Detector
13.3.2 Thermocouple and Resistance Temperature Detector Installation Diagram
13.3.3 Installation Material Description
13.3.4 Installation and Usage Precautions
14. Reading Pressure Measurement Instrument Installation Diagrams
14.1 Pressure Gauges and Pressure Transmitters
14.1.1 Measuring Principle
14.1.2 Selection of Pressure Gauges
14.2 Installation of Common Pressure Gauges and Pressure Transmitters
14.2.1 Installation of Pressure Gauges
14.2.2 Installation of Pressure (Differential Pressure) Transmitters
14.2.3 Installation Material Description
14.3 Installation and Usage Precautions
14.3.1 Installation of Pressure Source Components
14.3.2 Connection Methods of Pressure Pipelines
15. Reading Flow Measurement Instrument Installation Diagrams
15.1 Flow Measurement Instruments
15.1.1 Flow Measuring Principle
15.1.2 Pressure-Taking Methods
15.2 Flow Measurement Instrument Installation Diagram
15.3 Installation Material Description
15.3.1 Double-Hole Plate with Flat Ring
15.3.2 Standard Nozzle with Concave Wide Side
15.3.3 Standard Nozzle with Grooved Wide Side
15.3.4 Standard Nozzle with Grooved Ring
15.3.5 Concentric Sharp-Edge Nozzle for 1.6 MPa PN
15.4 Installation and Usage Precautions
15.4.1 Types and Usage Scenarios of Throttling Elements
15.4.2 Installation Precautions for Throttling Devices
16. Reading Level Measurement Instrument Installation Diagrams
16.1 Level Measurement Instruments
16.1.1 Level Measurement
16.1.2 Level Measurement Instruments
16.2 Differential Pressure Gauge and Differential Pressure Transmitter Installation Diagram
16.3 Installation Material Description
16.3.1 Measurement of Gas Flow
16.3.2 Measurement of Liquid Flow
16.3.3 Measurement of Steam Flow
16.3.4 Measurement of High-Pressure Gas Flow
16.3.5 Differential Pressure Instrument Located Near Throttling Device
16.3.6 Air Blowing Method for Gas Flow Measurement
16.3.7 Air Blowing Method for Liquid Flow Measurement
16.3.8 Measurement of Wet Gas Flow
16.4 Installation and Usage Precautions
17. Reading Analysis Instrument Installation Diagrams
17.1 Analysis Instruments and Level Measurement Instruments
17.1.1 Level Measurement
17.1.2 Level Measurement Instruments
17.2 Differential Pressure Method for Liquid Level Measurement
17.2.1 Basic Measuring Principle
17.2.2 Differential Pressure Liquid Level Measurement Principle with Positive and Negative Shift
17.2.3 Instrument Installation Diagram
17.2.4 Installation Material Description
17.3 Air Blowing Pressure-Type Liquid Level Measurement
17.3.1 Basic Composition
17.3.2 Measuring Principle
17.3.3 Instrument Installation Diagram
17.3.4 Installation Material Description
18. Reading Analysis Instrument Installation Diagrams
18.1 Analysis Instruments
18.1.1 Composition of Process Analysis Instruments
18.1.2 Common Analysis Instruments
18.2 Common Analysis Instrument Installation Diagrams
18.3 Installation Material Description
18.3.1 Thermal Conductivity Infrared Gas Analyzer
18.3.2 CO and CO? Infrared Gas Analyzer
18.3.3 Industrial Chromatograph for Ammonia Synthesis
18.3.4 Sulfur Dioxide Analyzer
18.3.5 Oxygen Analyzer for Petroleum Catalytic Cracking Flue Gas
18.3.6 Full Component Analyzer for Liquid Olefins
18.4 Installation and Usage Precautions
References
This book includes three parts: Reading Process and Instrument Diagrams, Reading Automation Engineering Diagrams, and Reading Instrument Installation Diagrams. It introduces knowledge such as common symbols and reading methods.