What are the differences between the signs of menstruation and the signs of pregnancy?

Patient's question:

What are the differences between the signs of menstruation and the signs of pregnancy? I noticed that my breasts are swollen, and breast swelling can also be a sign of pregnancy. I haven't had my period this month (my last period was on the 20th). I'm now unsure whether the breast swelling is a sign of menstruation or pregnancy? I'm very scared!

Doctor's answer:

Before menstruation, many healthy women also experience some uncomfortable symptoms and changes in temperament, knowing that they are about to have "bad luck." For example, lower pelvic heaviness, lower back pain, headaches, breast tenderness, swelling, irritability, and easy anger, which are collectively referred to as premenstrual discomfort. Generally, the symptoms are mild and do not require treatment. However, some women experience severe symptoms that affect their work and daily life, which are referred to as premenstrual syndrome.

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