How to clinically stage pelvic cancer

Patient's question:

Recently, a friend of mine was diagnosed with pelvic cancer, so I'm also very scared. I heard that pelvic cancer can be either treatable or untreatable, and I want to know the clinical stages of pelvic cancer?

Doctor's answer:

Symptoms of Pelvic Cancer
Uterine Bleeding: Irregular vaginal bleeding before and after menopause is a primary symptom of pelvic cancer. The bleeding is typically light to moderate in amount and rarely heavy. Pelvic cancer patients generally do not experience contact bleeding. In advanced stages, the bleeding may mix with necrotic tissue resembling decaying meat.
Symptoms of Pelvic Cancer
Vaginal Discharge: Since adenocarcinoma grows within the uterine cavity, the risk of infection is lower compared to cervical cancer. Therefore, in the early stages, there may only be a small amount of bloody leukorrhea. However, as infection and necrosis develop, a large volume of foul-smelling purulent blood discharge may occur. Sometimes the discharge may contain small fragments of cancerous tissue. If the cervical cavity becomes purulent, it may cause fever, abdominal pain, and leukocytosis. The general condition of the patient also deteriorates rapidly.