What should I do if I have continuous spotting after getting an IUD?

Patient's question:

Pregnancy test positive for 68 days, continuous bleeding, no other discomfort

Doctor's answer:

Bleeding after insertion of an IUD may be caused by mechanical pressure from the IUD, leading to damage to the endometrium and vascular endothelial cells. This releases large amounts of prostaglandins, plasminogen activator, kinins, and other substances, increasing vascular permeability and the activity of the fibrinolytic system, resulting in menorrhagia. Use of hemostatic drugs, infection prevention, and iron supplementation are recommended. For cases where no improvement is observed after three months of treatment, consider removal or replacement of the IUD.