How is male infertility treated?

Patient's question:

One of my close friends, who recently got divorced, seems to have male infertility. She has seen many doctors and taken many medications, but it hasn't been effective. She wants to know how to treat it and what kind of help is needed: Hello, how should male infertility be treated?

Doctor's answer:

Causes of Male Infertility:
1. Male sexual dysfunction, including premature ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, nocturnal emission, and anejaculation. These two categories can be divided into psychological/neurological and organic/inflammatory types.
2. Male infertility caused by varicocele.
3. Immunological factors, referring to the presence of antisperm antibodies in male serum or seminal plasma, leading to an autoimmune response against sperm and resulting in immunological infertility.
4. Reproductive tract infections, congenital abnormalities, systemic diseases, and unexplained causes of infertility.

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