Research, Development, and Application of Intelligent Management Systems

Author: Guo Huanping
Editor-in-Chief: Zhang Dengke
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2004-08-16
Features: This book analyzes existing computer management systems and identifies their problems, as well as the solutions provided by intelligent management systems. The book includes: Introduction, Management Information Systems and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Development Trends of Computer Management Systems in Manufacturing, Overview of Intelligent Management Systems, Research on General Management Models Based on Fuzzy Logic, Research on Multiple General Operators Models Based on Fuzzy Logic, Research on Fuzzy Optimization Methods, Analysis and Design of Intelligent Management Systems in Ceramic Factories, Analysis and Design of Intelligent Financial Accounting Systems, and Implementation of the Cost Accounting Subsystem, etc. This book can serve as a textbook or reference for undergraduate and graduate students in management science and engineering, computer science and technology, information management and information systems, industrial automation, and other related fields. It can also be used as a reference for information system researchers, designers, and developers.
Excerpt: (The text remains unchanged as it contains non-Chinese characters and formatting)
(1) Material Management Subsystem: Processes raw materials, allocates materials to workshops, issues purchase lists.
(2) Production Planning Subsystem: Processes production orders, adjusts production plans, reduces delays, optimizes labor allocation, generates attendance reports, ensures timely material supply, manages workshop work orders, assigns tasks, generates production reports, and calculates wages.
(3) Factory Monitoring Subsystem: Accepts workshop feedback, adjusts plans, reduces delays, optimizes labor allocation, generates attendance reports, ensures timely material supply, manages workshop work orders, assigns tasks, generates production reports, and calculates wages.
(4) Factory Maintenance Subsystem: Establishes preventive maintenance labor standards, automatically schedules maintenance plans, reports maintenance activities, allocates emergency maintenance, develops maintenance plans, and calculates costs.
(5) Procurement and Inbound Subsystem: Procures, receives, inspects, and verifies materials based on quality and quantity.
(6) Warehouse Arrangement Subsystem: Determines storage locations based on material volume, weight, and fragility to reduce unnecessary movement, improve warehouse utilization, coordinate material matching, and issue packing lists.
(7) Cost Accounting and Control Subsystem: Calculates costs for each product and process, plans infrastructure and working capital, and performs accounting tasks.
1.1.2 Structure of Management Information Systems
From the perspective of computer experts, Management Information Systems (MIS) are seen as a combination of hardware and software. Hardware includes mainframes, storage devices, input/output devices, etc.; software includes operating systems for managing computers, application software for assisting management and decision-making, communication software, and graphical software.
Systems engineering views first divide systems into open-loop and closed-loop structures, as shown in Figure 1-1. An open-loop structure refers to a system where there is no feedback channel between decision-makers and information processing during the execution of a decision. Information related to events is identified by system engineers, judged for relevance to user needs, recorded, processed, and stored, and then provided to decision-makers to inform their actions. A closed-loop structure has a feedback channel between decision-makers and information processing, allowing users and information processing to directly communicate and modify decision information at any time.
From a systems engineering perspective, enterprises are treated as a whole, and information across the entire enterprise is identified, studied, and evaluated to plan subsystems comprehensively. All information does not need to be implemented in a single system; different subsystems can be designed, each with its own database, which can be accessed by various systems. This approach provides insights into distributed systems.
1.2 Overview of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS)
1.2.1 Concept of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Today, information technology has become the foundation for various technologies and is applied in all areas of human activity, including scientific research, industrial production, communication, transportation, finance, defense, education, and commerce. For the manufacturing industry, information technology is indispensable in all aspects of manufacturing activities, from market analysis, business decisions, new product development, engineering design, production, inventory supply, quality assurance, and after-sales service. The world has formed a unified international market, and with the globalization of markets, competition has become increasingly fierce. The manufacturing industry has long been the main pillar of the national economy in industrialized countries, accounting for more than 60% of the total national GDP. In the past two decades, due to economic, technological, natural, and social environmental factors, the world manufacturing industry has entered a period of significant transformation, characterized by three main features:
(1) Rapid improvement and diffusion of production capacity (including capital and information) worldwide have led to a global competitive landscape.
(2) The emergence of advanced production technologies is drastically changing the product structure and production processes of modern manufacturing.
(3) Traditional management, labor practices, organizational structures, and decision-making criteria are undergoing new transformations.
To adapt to the demands of a rapidly changing global market and enhance product competitiveness, it is essential to continuously introduce new products, improve product quality, reduce production costs, shorten product development cycles, and provide high-quality after-sales service. Advances in science and technology, particularly the rapid development of information, computer, and network technologies and their close integration with production technologies, have made it possible to adopt production strategies that combine high flexibility and high productivity, providing companies with a means to win in dynamic and competitive markets.
In 1973, Dr. Joseph Harrington of the United States proposed a philosophy for organizing production, known as Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). China's "863" program, after practicing CIM, recognizes it as a new concept for organizing and managing production. It leverages computer hardware and software to comprehensively apply computer management techniques, manufacturing techniques, information technology, automation techniques, and systems engineering techniques, integrating all elements—people, technology, and management—involved in the entire production process. It organically integrates and optimizes information flow and material flow to achieve fast time-to-market (T), high quality (Q), low cost (C), and excellent service (S), abbreviated as T.Q.C.S, thereby enabling companies to win in market competition. The above definition can be further elaborated in five points:
(1) CIM is a philosophy for organizing and managing production, with the goal of achieving high-quality products, fast time-to-market, low costs, excellent service, and ultimately, competitive advantage for the enterprise.
(2) Every aspect of production, from market analysis, business decisions, management, product design, process planning, manufacturing, sales, and after-sales service, is an inseparable organic whole that must be coordinated from a systems perspective to achieve global optimization.