What are the characteristics of ectopic pregnancy?

Patient's question:

Menstruation has not arrived yet, and a pregnancy test has not shown pregnancy. Medical history and effectiveness: Had an abortion, had candidal vaginitis, took medication in the hospital, and has cervical erosion. What kind of help do you want: Check if there are any risks and if it is normal.

Doctor's answer:

Ectopic pregnancy is also known as tubal pregnancy. Common symptoms include vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain after a missed period. Blood test results for β-hCG show slow rise, with doubling less than 66% within 48 hours, and progesterone levels below 25 ng/ml (or <78.0 nmol/L), suggesting a high likelihood of ectopic pregnancy.
Intrauterine early pregnancy: Vaginal ultrasound can detect the gestational sac (GS) as early as 4-5 weeks of pregnancy. The yolk sac, a marker of intrauterine pregnancy, appears as a bright, ring-shaped echo structure with an anechoic center within the gestational sac. By week 5, the embryonic bud can be observed, and by week 6, primitive cardiac activity can be seen.
It is recommended to combine blood tests for β-hCG and progesterone levels with ultrasound findings to make a diagnosis. If the gestational sac is not visible in the uterus but a mass is observed externally, ectopic pregnancy should be considered.

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