What are the reasons that cause male infertility?

Patient's question:

I have been married for over two years. I haven't used any contraceptive methods during this time, but I haven't been able to conceive either. My wife went to the hospital for a thorough check-up, and there were no issues found. So, I would like to know what are the common causes of male infertility?

Doctor's answer:

1) Abnormal semen: Abnormal semen mainly includes whether there is sperm, oligospermia and asthenozoospermia, hematospermia, abnormal sperm morphology, and dead sperm, among which, oligospermia and asthenozoospermia infertility, azoospermia infertility, dead sperm infertility, and hematospermia infertility are the main causes.
2) Spermatogenesis disorders: Factors such as varicocele, congenital testicular hypoplasia, cryptorchidism, orchitis or testicular atrophy, and endocrine diseases can all lead to a decrease in sperm quantity, reduced motility, or abnormal sperm morphology, resulting in infertility.

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