Patient's question:
How is male infertility treated? Consult, please give an answer.Doctor's answer:
Male infertility refers to a condition where a couple has been living together for more than 1 year after marriage and the wife has not been able to conceive without using contraception, with the cause or etiology occurring in the husband. Primary male infertility refers to a man who has never made a woman pregnant. Secondary male infertility refers to a man who has previously made a woman pregnant but has not been able to conceive within the last 12 months despite not using contraception. Overall, secondary male infertility has a higher likelihood of restoring fertility. Therefore, distinguishing between primary and secondary infertility has clinical significance.Guidelines: There are various classification methods for male infertility. Some classify male infertility based on semen analysis results, such as oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and azoospermia; others classify it as sexual dysfunction infertility, abnormal semen infertility, and azoospermia. These classification methods are either superficial or overly vague. For this reason, WHO has proposed a classification method based on etiological diagnosis, which is currently the most authoritative diagnostic classification method for male infertility worldwide. It divides male infertility into 16 categories:
(1) Sexual dysfunction and/or ejaculation disorders
(2) Immunological causes
(3) Unknown factors or causes
(4) Isolated seminal plasma abnormalities
(5) Iatrogenic causes
(6) Systemic causes
(7) Congenital abnormalities
(8) Acquired testicular damage
(9) Varicocele
(10) Male accessory gland infection
(11) Endocrine causes
(12) Idiopathic oligozoospermia
(13) Idiopathic asthenozoospermia
(14) Idiopathic teratozoospermia
(15) Obstructive azoospermia
(16) Idiopathic azoospermia.