What are the tests for male infertility?

Patient's question:

My brother and sister-in-law have been married for a long time, but they haven't had any children. My brother is worried that he might have a disease, and he said he wants me to accompany him for a check-up. So I started to do some research early on. What are the detailed tests for infertility?

Doctor's answer:

Hypothesis of the condition: Infertility refers to individuals with normal sexual life who have not become pregnant for a year without contraception. The incidence of infertility varies by country, ethnicity, and region. In China, the incidence of infertility is 7% to 10%. If your brother and sister-in-law are infertile, it is recommended that both partners undergo a thorough check-up at a regular hospital to identify the underlying causes.
Advice: For male examinations, doctors will inquire about any chronic diseases in the past, such as mumps, tuberculosis, etc., understand the sexual life of the couple, whether there are any difficulties during intercourse, and conduct a thorough examination of the external genitalia, among other things.

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