Autonomous Decision of the Heart: Imperial Power Politics in Early Ming and Beyond

Author: Zhao Ji
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2000-10-01
Features: This book provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of three reform movements in late Qing China—the Self-Strengthening Movement, the Hundred Days' Reform, and the Late Qing New Policies—through rational thinking. It depicts the three-stage journey of late Qing reforms, from spiritual confusion to pragmatic helplessness, ultimately seeking solutions, and profoundly reveals the subjective and objective historical roots of the failure of late Qing reforms.