What causes vulvar leukoplakia?

Patient's question:

Recently, I've noticed white scaling in the external genital area. I'm not sure if it's leukoplakia of the vulva. How is it formed, and what are the potential issues?

Doctor's answer:

Hello, leukoplakia of the vulva refers to the white and hardened changes of the vulvar skin and mucosa to varying degrees, accompanied by severe itching that worsens at night or relieves at night. Alternatively, it may manifest as thickened vulvar skin, peeling, cracks, ulcers, pain, or tissue swelling, leading to the following conditions: clitoral swelling — reduced sexual sensitivity, decreased libido. urethral swelling — difficulty urinating, narrowed urine flow, altered urine stream direction, and in severe cases, the need to dilate the urethral opening to urinate.

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