What are the main symptoms of immunological infertility?

Patient's question:

I am thirty years old this year. Two years ago, I had a miscarriage naturally, and then I haven't been able to get pregnant. I went to check the reason, and it was found to be immunological infertility. Could you please tell me what are the main symptoms of immunological infertility?

Doctor's answer:

Hello, under normal sexual life conditions, if the body develops spontaneous autoimmune responses to any stage of the perinatal process, leading to delayed delivery for more than two years, it is referred to as immunological infertility. Immunological infertility can be broadly or narrowly defined. Broadly speaking, immunological infertility refers to autoimmune responses to any tissue antigen of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary (testicular) axis, which can manifest in women as the absence of menopause or amenorrhea, and in men as an increase or decrease in sperm count or motility. The immunological infertility typically referred to is the narrow definition, where infertile couples, in addition to having anti-sperm autoimmune responses or anti-zona pellucida autoimmune responses, are otherwise normal.

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