What are the clinical manifestations of immunological infertility?

Patient's question:

I haven't been able to conceive for about a year. Later, when I went to the hospital for a check-up, I found out that I have immune infertility. What are the clinical manifestations of immune infertility?

Doctor's answer:

Hello, under normal sexual life conditions, if the body develops spontaneous autoimmune responses to any stage of the perinatal process, leading to delayed delivery for more than two years, it is referred to as immunological infertility. Immunological infertility can be broadly or narrowly defined. Broadly speaking, immunological infertility refers to autoimmune responses to any tissue antigen of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary (testicular) axis, which can manifest in women as the absence of menopause or amenorrhea, and in men as increased sperm count or reduced sperm motility. The immunological infertility typically referred to is the narrow definition, where infertile couples, in addition to having anti-sperm autoimmune responses or anti-zona pellucida autoimmune responses, are otherwise normal.

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