How long does sperm last on the ground?

Patient's question:

Because we are still relatively young and our jobs and other aspects are not stable, we have been practicing contraception. Currently, we do not plan to have children. Previously, we always used withdrawal to prevent pregnancy. Could you please tell me how long sperm lasts on the ground?

Doctor's answer:

Ejaculation outside the body does not prevent pregnancy. The pre-ejaculate fluid released during coitus contains sperm and can lead to pregnancy. If you do not wish to conceive, you can use condoms for contraception or take short-acting birth control pills. Inserting an intrauterine device (IUD) after menstruation is also effective.
After semen is released onto the ground, it remains viable for about 30 minutes under suitable temperature conditions. In external environments, it can survive for approximately one hour.

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