How are ovarian cysts caused

Patient's question:

I am 44 years old this year, and I am currently experiencing vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. Please; how are ovarian cysts caused

Doctor's answer:

The causes of ovarian cysts are several:
1. Endocrine factors: The ovary is a vital organ that produces eggs, undergoes menopause, and maintains endocrine hormone balance. Clinically, the fundamental pathological and physiological changes observed in women with ovarian cysts and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are the overproduction of androgens by the ovaries. The excessive production of androgens results from the synergistic effect of abnormal functions of multiple different endocrine systems in the body.
2. Hereditary factors: Statistics indicate that 20 to 25% of women with ovarian tumors have a family history.